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Gerund: (verb + ing)
A gerund ( verb + ing) is used as a noun . It can be used as a subject or object of a sentence.
يستعمل المصدر المشتق من الفعل verb + ing كإسم ويمكن أن يكون فاعلا أو مفعولا به
1. Cycling the net is my favourite sport. (subject)
2. Most people like cycling in the forest. (object)
Infinitive (to + verb)
The infinitive ( to + verb) can also be used as a subject or an object of a sentence.
يستعمل المصدر (to + verb) كإسم ويمكن أن يكون فاعلا أو مفعولا به
1. To learn is important. (subject of sentence)
2. He wants to learn. (object of sentence)
When we should uses gerundThe gerund is used after certain verbs |
| verb | arabic meaning | example |
|---|---|---|
| admit | يقر ويعترف | He admitted stealing the car |
| advice | ينصح | I wouldn't advise buying an old bike. |
| anticipate | يتوقع | I anticipated passing the exam |
| allow | يسمح | You are not allowed smoking here |
| avoid | يتفادى / يمتنع عن | I avoided meeting her |
| appreciate | يقدر | I appreciate working with me |
| complete | يكمل / ينهي | she completed building her house |
| consider | يعتبر / يرى أن يراعي / يضع في اعتبارع |
he considered starting a new blog |
| delay | يؤخر / يؤجل | the teacher delayed correcting the homework |
| deny | ينكر / | the thief denied stealing the bank |
| fancy | يستلطف / يروق لـ | fancy working with you in this office |
| finish | ينتهي / ينهي | the dog finished eating |
| go | يذهب | go hiking |
| imagine | يتخيل / يتصور | she imagined meeting her dead grandfather |
| involve | يقتضي / يتطلب | success involves studying hard |
| keep | يبقي / يحتفظ بـ | she keeps complaining about her new job |
| mention | يذكر / يشير إلى | she mentioned visiting her family |
| mind | يهتم / هل من الممكن | would you mind helping me with the exercise |
| miss | يشتاق / يخطئ/ يفوته شيء | she misses meeting her friends |
| permit | يتيح الفرصة / يسمح بـ / يجيز | you are not permitted smoking in hospitals |
| postpone | يؤجل / يرجئ | the company postponed starting the new project |
| practise | يتدرب / يطبق / يتمرن | she practises painting |
| reject | يرفض / ينبذ | she rejected working with that company |
| resist | يقاوم / يعارض | because of his diet, he resisted eating that cake |
| suggest | يقترح | my wife suggested living in the countryside |
| like dislike love hate enjoy |
يستحسن يكره يحب يكره يستمتع |
she disliked eating that cake |
| waste time/money | أضاع الوقت أو المال | don't wast your mother's time complaining about your mistakes |
The gerund is used after Verb + preposition
Example:
1. I'm looking forward to seeing you again soon.
| expression | meaning in arabic | expression | meaning in arabic |
|---|---|---|---|
| · accuse of | يتهم بـ | agree with | يوافق على |
| · apologize for | يعتذر على | ask about | يسأل على |
| · believe in | يؤمن بـ | be used to | إعتاد |
| · blame for | يلوم على | care for | اهتم ب |
| · carry on | استمر | complain about | يشكو |
| · concentrate on | يركز | depend on | يعتمد على |
| · dream about/of | يحلم | feel like | يبدو |
| · forgive for | يغفر / يعفو/ يسامح | give up | يستسلم |
| · insist on | يلح على / يصر على | keep on | يستمر / يظل / يواصل |
| · look forward to | يتطلع إلى / يتشوق إلى | object to | يحتج على / لا يوافق على / يعترض على |
| · think of | يفكر | succeed in | ينجح في |
| · use for | يستعمل لـ |
After some expressions :
- It's no use ...
- It's no good ...
- There's no point in ...
- I can't help...
- I don't mind...
- I can't stand/bear...
- feel like
- Before …..
- after…..
Example:
- It's no use convincing him to meet her
| The gerund is used after Adjectives + prepositions |
| Be afraid of | be fed up with | be responsible for |
|---|---|---|
| be angry about | be good/bad at | be disappointed about |
| be fond of | be crazy about | be clever at |
When we should use the full infinitive: to + verb
we use the full infinitive after these verbs:
| Verb | Meaning in Arabic | Verb | Meaning in Arabic | Verb | Meaning in Arabic |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agree | وافق | hope | يتمنى | promise | يعد/ يقطع عهدا |
| arrange | رتب / نظم | intend | ينوي / يعتزم | pretend | يتظاهر |
| be allowed to | يمنح /يجيز | love | يحب | refuse | يرفض |
| choose | يختار | manage | يدير | seem | يبدو |
| decide | يقرر | need | يحتاج / يتطلب | try | يحاول |
| expect | يتوقع | plan | يخطط | want | يريد |
| fail | يفشل / يخفق | prefer | يفضل | would like | يود |
Verb + object + infinitive
| Verb | Meaning in Arabic | Verb | Meaning in Arabic | Verb | Meaning in Arabic |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| advise | ينصح | enable | يمكن / يخول | permit | يسمح / يجيز |
| allow | يسمح | encourage | يشجع | persuade | يقنع |
| ask | يسأل | force | يجبر / يرغم | remind | يذكر / ينبه إلى |
| beg | يتوسل | hire | يستأجر | require | يتطلب / يحتاج إلى |
| cause | يسبب | instruct teach |
يعلم /يدرس | tell |
يخبر / يبلغ |
| challenge | يتحدى | invite | يدعو | want | يريد / يرغب في |
| command | يأمر / يقود | need | يحتاج / يريد | warn | يحذر |
| convince | يقنع | order | يأمر | wish | يتمنى |
Adjectives followed by infinitive:
| Adjective | Meaning in Aarabic | Adjective | Meaning in Arabic |
|---|---|---|---|
| afraid | خائف | happy | فرح |
| amazed | منذهل / مندهش | hesitant | متردد |
| anxious | مضطرب | likely | محتمل /متوقع |
| ashamed | خجلان / مستح | motivated | متحمس |
| careful | منتبه / محترس | lucky | محظوظ |
| certain | متيقن /متأكد / واثق | pleased | مسرور / راض |
| delighted | مسرور جدا/ مبتهج | proud | فخور |
| determined | مصمم /عاقد العزم | ready | مستعد |
| eager | متلهف | sad | حزين |
| easy | سهل / هين | shocked | مصدوم |
| difficult | صعب / عسير | sorry | آسف |
| glad | مسرور |
Expressions and verbs used with the infinitive (to+verbs) or the gerund
| Verb | Meaning In Arabic | Verb | Meaning In Arabic |
|---|---|---|---|
| attempt | يحاول | neglect | يهمل |
| begin | يبدأ | prefer | يفضل |
| cease | يتوقف/ يوقف/ ينهي | recommend | يزكي / يوصي |
| forget | ينسى | remember | يتذكر |
| hate | يكره | start | يبدأ |
| intend | ينوي ، يعتزم | stop | يقف / يتوقف |
| like | يستحسن | watch | يشاهد |
| love | يحب |
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